Legalityepub,mobi,azw3格式电子书下载，作者：Scott J. Shapiro-读书派

What is law? This question has preoccupied philosophers from Plato to Thomas Hobbes to H. L. A. Hart. Yet many others find it perplexing. How could we possibly know how to answer such an abstract question? And what would be the point of doing so? In Legality, Scott Shapiro argues that the question is not only meaningful but vitally important. In fact, many of the most pressing puzzles that lawyers confront - including who has legal authority over us and how we should interpret constitutions, statutes, and cases - will remain elusive until this grand philosophical question is resolved. Shapiro draws on recent work in the philosophy of action to develop an original and compelling answer to this age-old question. Breaking with a long tradition in jurisprudence, he argues that the law cannot be understood simply in terms of rules. Legal systems are best understood as highly complex and sophisticated tools for creating and applying plans. Shifting the focus of jurisprudence in this way - from rules to plans - not only resolves many of the most vexing puzzles about the nature of law but has profound implications for legal practice as well. Written in clear, jargon-free language, and presupposing no legal or philosophical background, "Legality" is both a groundbreaking new theory of law and an excellent introduction to and defense of classical jurisprudence.

斯科特·夏皮罗（Scott. J. Shapiro），耶鲁大学法学院Charles F. Southmayd法律教授和哲学教授。研究领域包括法理学、国际法、宪法理论、行动理论和权威理论，被视为法律实证主义阵营继哈特、拉兹之后的第三代领军人物之一。

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02-12

发现自己完全忽略了Shapiro对Dworkin理论的诠释，当他把Dworkin的理论解释成一种元解释学，即对法律解释方法的研究时，他就进入了对法律适用而非法律性质问题的研究。这样看来，Shapiro后一部分的论证可以说完全是对Dworkin理论的回应，即探求我们应该采取什么办法确定一个法律命题的真值。Shapiro在Dworkin理论的基础上发展出了一种对法律的元解释学（类似德国的法学方法论），反思并整合了现有的各种零散法律解释方法，可以说这一部分才是本书的精化。不过我仍然对Shapiro诉诸历史材料的后验论证存在疑问，因为这样的论证不但受限于经验材料而具有不确定性，还只能形成一种地方性理论，而或许有某种先验路径可以解决上帝之眼和规划这两种元解释理论之间的矛盾。

Legality

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